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1. Air pollution
“A transboundary hazard that affects the global atmosphere and contributes to climate change. Today environmental pollution causes 1.7 million annual child deaths»
2. Resistant pathogens
The number of drug-resistant "superbugs" is growing. To this is added that they move internationally through people, animals and food.
3. Junk food
Marketing of unhealthy food and beverages. Especially for children, it is currently a global phenomenon.
4. Safeguarding the quality of pharmaceutical products
“It has become much more difficult, with complex manufacturing procedures and supply chains spanning multiple companies and countries.
5. Globalization
In 2015 "A business traveler returning home to the Republic of Korea, infected with the Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus , disrupted the country's economy and health system." “There is practically no local health threat anymore. And the health sector alone can manage very few of those threats.”
6. The Zika virus
The rapid evolution of the Zika virus disease outbreak. It shows that an ancient disease that has been dormant in Africa and Asia for six decades can suddenly wake up on another continent and cause a global health emergency. “It has taken us by surprise; There is no widely available or reliable vaccine or diagnostic test.” “Zika reflects an extreme consequence of the lack of universal access to sexual health and family planning services. The Latin American and Caribbean region has the highest proportion of unwanted pregnancies in the world.”
"Above all, the spread of Zika, the resurgence of dengue fever and the emerging threat of chikungunya represent the price being paid for an erroneous general policy adopted in the 1970s regarding mosquito control."
7. Appearance of urban yellow fever
It is a serious event with the possibility of international spread. “The lesson learned with yellow fever is particularly brutal. The world did not realize the full strategic potential of an excellent prevention tool. The world has a safe, cheap and effective vaccine that immunizes against yellow fever for life, since 1937. That is, for almost 80 years. Yellow fever vaccines should be used more widely to protect people living in endemic countries."
8. Ebola
Reappearance of the threat of the emergence and resurgence of infectious diseases such as Ebola. “It was about the non-existence – even of the most basic infrastructures and capacities – in terms of surveillance, diagnosis, infection control and clinical care, as well as the lack of any type of vaccines or specific treatments. High-level evaluations of the Ebola response have consistently advocated for more resilient health systems as a first line of defense.” * Today the epidemic is controlled but it is estimated that it circulates in animals.
9. Influence of three delayed effect disasters
Climate change, the ineffectiveness of more and more leading antimicrobials, and the rise of chronic non-communicable diseases as leading causes of death worldwide.
“These are not natural disasters. They are anthropogenic disasters generated by policies that put economic interests above human lives and the planet that sustains them. Highly processed foods, which are cheaper, more convenient and tasty, have a larger market share than fresh fruits and vegetables.”
10. Medicines
Need for non-profit research and development of drugs of great interest to public health. "Drugs for chronic conditions are more cost-effective than a short course of antibiotics."